Bertrand PICARD
Professor
email: bertrand.picard@avc.aphp.fr
Inserm U722

Ecology and evolution of microorganisms

Contact information - Inserm U722
Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat
16, rue Henri Huchard -- 75018 Paris (France)

Tel: 33 (0)1 57 27 77 25 -- Fax: 33 (0)1 57 27 73 72
Bureau: 3100
Research interest
Education
List of the 10 main publications
Exhaustive list of publications
Research interest
My goal is to study the epidemiology of infectious diseases using molecular markers (enzymes and nucleic acids) in order to obtain a better understanding of several problems of medical interest : i) the differences between the commensal and the pathogenic isolates among opportunistic pathogenic species, considering E.coli as a model, ii) the evolution of antibiotic acquired resistance and its relationships with the structure of the species, iii) the survey of particular bacterial clones among the intensive care units
Education
Degrees
1990: Ph. D. in Biological Chemistry, Paris 5 University
1978: M.D. Paris Medical School, Paris 7 University
Academic positions
2004-present: Professor in Bacteriology, Bobigny Medical School, Paris 13 University
1994-2004: Professor in Bacteriology, Brest Medical School, University of Occidental Britanny
1986-1994: Associate Professor in Bacteriology, Xavier Bichat Medical School, Paris 7 University
1980-1986: Associate Professor in Bacteriology, Xavier Bichat Medical School, Paris 7 University
List of the 10 main publications
(* Indicates the authors who have equally contributed to the work)
JOHNSON J.R., CLERMONT O., MENARD M., KUSKOWSKI M.A., MENARD M., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
 Experimental mouse lethality of Escherichia coli isolates in relation to accessory traits, phylogenetic group, and clinical source.
J. Infect Dis., 2006, 194, 1141-1150
BRANGER C., ZAMFIR O., GEOFFROY S., LAURANS G., ARLET G., THIEN H. V., GOURIOU S., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
 Genetic background of Escherichia coli and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase type.
Emerg Infect Dis 11:54-61.., 2005,
LE GALL T., DARLU P. ESCOBAR-PARAMO P., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
 Selection-driven transcriptome polymorphism in Escherichia coli/Shigella species.
Genome Res., 2005, 15, 260-265
PICARD B., DURIEZ P., GOURIOU S., MATIC I., DENAMUR E., TADDEI F.
 Mutator natural Escherichia coli isolates have an unusual virulence phenotype.
Infect. Immun., 2001, 69, 9-14
PICARD B., SEVALI GARCIA J., GOURIOU S., DURIEZ P., BRAHIMI N. BINGEN E., ELION J., DENAMUR E.
 The link between phylogeny and virulence in Escherichia coli extraintestinal infection.
Infect. Immun., 1999, 67, 546-553
MATIC I., RADMAN M., TADDEI F., PICARD B., DOIT C., BINGEN E., DENAMUR E., ELION J.
 Highly variable mutation rates in commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Science, 1997, 277, 1833-1834
SAYADA C., PICARD B., ELION J., KRISHNAMOORTHY R.
 A simple procedure to differentiate ailA and ailNA gene variants among human pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains.
Mol Cell Probes 8:187-91.., 1994,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
 Correlation between electrophoretic types B1 and B2 of carboxylesterase B and host-dependent factors in Escherichia coli septicaemia.
Epidemiol Infect 100:51-61.., 1988,
GOULLET P., PICARD B.
 Comparative esterase electrophoretic polymorphism of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from animal and human sources.
J Gen Microbiol 132:1843-51.., 1986,
GOULLET P., PICARD B.
 Highly pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli revealed by the distinct electrophoretic patterns of carboxylesterase B.
J Gen Microbiol 132:1853-8.., 1986,
Exhaustive list of publications
(* Indicates the authors who have equally contributed to the work)
TOUCHON M., CHARPENTIER S., POGNARD D., PICARD B., ARLET G., ROCHA E.P.C., DENAMUR E., BRANGER C.
Antibiotic resistance plasmids spread among natural isolates of Escherichia coli in spite of CRISPR elements.
Microbiology, 2012, 158, 2997-3004
LESCAT M., CLERMONT O., WOERTHER P.L., GLODT J., DION S., SKURNIK D., DJOSSOU F., DUPONT C., PERROZ G., PICARD B., CATZEFLIS F., ANDREMONT A., DENAMUR E.
Commensal Escherichia coli strains in Guiana reveal a high genetic diversity with host-dependant population structure.
Environ Microbiol Rep, 2012, DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00374.x[Epub ahead of print]
LANDRAUD L.*, JAURÉGUY F.*, FRAPY E., GUIGON G., GOURIOU S., CARBONNELLE E., CLERMONT O., DENAMUR E., PICARD B., LEMICHEZ E., BRISSE S., NASSIF X.
Severity of Escherichia coli bacteraemia is independent of the intrinsic virulence of the strains assessed in a mouse model.
Clin Microbiol Infect, 2012, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03750.x.[Epub ahead of print]
CLERMONT O., OLIER M., HOEDE C., DIANCOURT L., BRISSE S., KEROUDEAN M., GLODT J., PICARD B., OSWALD E., DENAMUR E.
Animal and human pathogenic Escherichia coli strains share common genetic backgrounds.
Infect. Gen. Evol., 2011, 11, 654-662
LEVERT M., ZAMFIR O., CLERMONT O., BOUVET O., LESPINATS S., HIPEAUX M.C., BRANGER C., PICARD B., SAINT-RUF C., NOREL F., BALLIAU T., ZIVY M., LE NAGARD H., CRUVELLIER S., CHANE-WOON-MING B., NILSSON S., GUDELJ I., PHAN K., FERENCI T., TENAILLON O., DENAMUR E.
Molecular and evolutionary bases of within-patient genotypic and phenotypic diversity in Escherichia coli extraintestinal infections.
PLoS Pathog., 2010, 6, e1001125
MNIF B., VIMONT S., BOYD A., BOURIT E., PICARD B., BRANGER C., DENAMUR E., ARLET G.
Molecular characterization of addiction systems of plasmids encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli.
J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2010, 65, 1599-1603
DENAMUR E., PICARD B., TENAILLON O.
Population Genetics of Pathogenic Escherichia coli
Bacterial Population Genetics in Infectious Disease (eds D. A. Robinson, D. Falush and E. J. Feil), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2010, doi: 10.1002/9780470600122.ch14.
TENAILLON O., SKURNIK D., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
The population genetics of commensal Escherichia coli.
Nature Rev. Microbiol., 2010, 8, 207-217
MARCADE G., DESCHAMPS C., BOYD A., GAUTIER V., PICARD B., BRANGER C., DENAMUR E., ARLET G.
Replicon typing of plasmids in Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases
J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2009, 63, 67-71
LESCAT M., HOEDE C., CLERMONT O., GARRY L., DARLU P., TUFFERY P., DENAMUR E., PICARD B.
aes, the gene encoding the esterase B in Escherichia coli, is a powerful phylogenetic marker of the species.
BMC Microbiol., 2009, 9, 273
LE GALL T.*, CLERMONT O.*, GOURIOU S., PICARD B., NASSIF X., DENAMUR E., TENAILLON O.
Extraintestinal virulence is a coincidental by-product of commensalism in B2 phylogenetic group Escherichia coli strains.
Mol. Biol. Evol., 2007, 24, 2373-2384
DIARD M., BAERISWYL S., CLERMONT O., GOURIOU S., PICARD B., TADDEI F., DENAMUR E., MATIC I.
Caenorhabditis elegans as a simple model to study phenotypic and genetic virulence determinants of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Microbes Infect., 2007, 9, 214-223
JOHNSON J.R., CLERMONT O., MENARD M., KUSKOWSKI M.A., MENARD M., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
Experimental mouse lethality of Escherichia coli isolates in relation to accessory traits, phylogenetic group, and clinical source.
J. Infect Dis., 2006, 194, 1141-1150
ESCOBAR-PARAMO P., LE MENAC'H, LE GALL T., AMORIN C., GOURIOU S., PICARD B., SKURNIK D., DENAMUR E.
Identification of forces shaping the commensal Escherichia coli genetic structure by comparing animal and human isolates.
Environ. Microbiol., 2006, 8, 1975-1984
SKURNIK D., RUIMY R., ANDREMONT A., AMORIN C., ROUQUET P., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
Effect of human vicinity on antibiotic resistance and integrons in animal commensal Escherichia coli.
J. Antimicrob. Chemoter., 2006, 57, 1215-1219
DENAMUR E., TENAILLON O., DESCHAMPS C., SKURNIK D., RONCO E., GAILLARD J.L., PICARD B., BRANGER C., MATIC I.
Intermediate mutation frequencies favor evolution of multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli.
Genetics., 2005, 171:825-7
BRANGER C., GEOFFROY S., LAURANS G., ARLET G., VU THIEN H., ZAMFIR O., GOURIOU S., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase type depends on the genetic background of the strain in Escherichia coli.
Emerg. Infect. Dis., 2005, 11, 54-61
LE GALL T., DARLU P. ESCOBAR-PARAMO P., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
Selection-driven transcriptome polymorphism in Escherichia coli/Shigella species.
Genome Res., 2005, 15, 260-265
DENAMUR E., TENAILLON O., DESCHAMPS C., SKURNIK D., RONCO E., GAILLARD J.L., PICARD B., BRANGER C., MATIC I.
Intermediate mutation rates favor evolution of multidrug resistance
Genetics, 2005, 171, 825-827
ESCOBAR-PARAMO P., GRENET K., LE MENAC'H A., RODE L., SALGADO E., AMORIN C., GOURIOU S., PICARD B., CHERIF RAHIMY M., ANDREMONT A., DENAMUR E., RUIMY R.
Large-scale population structure of human commensal Escherichia coli Isolates.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2004, 70.9, 5698-5700
HOMMAIS F., GOURIOU S., AMORIN C., BUI H., RAHIMY M.C., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
FimH A27V mutation is pathoadaptive for urovirulence in Escherichia coli B2 phylogenetic group isolates.
Infect. Immun., 2003, 71, 3619-3622
DENAMUR E., BONACORSI S., GIRAUD A., DURIEZ P., HILALI F., AMORIN C., BINGEN E., ANDREMONT A., PICARD B., TADDEI F., MATIC I.
High frequency of mutator strains among human uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates.
J. Bacteriol., 2002, 184, 605-609
SCHUBERT S., PICARD B., GOURIOU S., HEESEMANN J., DENAMUR E.
Yersinia High-Pathogenicity Island (HPI) contributes to virulence in Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections.
Infect. Immun., 2002, 70, 5335-5337
PICARD B., DURIEZ P., GOURIOU S., MATIC I., DENAMUR E., TADDEI F.
Mutator natural Escherichia coli isolates have an unusual virulence phenotype.
Infect. Immun., 2001, 69, 9-14
DURIEZ P., CLERMONT O., BONACORSI O., BINGEN E., ELION J., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
Commensal Escherichia coli isolates are phylogenetically distributed among geographically distinct human populations.
Microbiology, 2001, 147, 1671-1676
DELOMENIE C., FOUIX S., LONGUEMAUX S., BRAHIMI N., BIZET C., PICARD B., DENAMUR E., DUPRET J.M.
Identification and functionnal characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid.
J. Bacteriol., 2001, 183, 3417-3427
PICARD B.
Molecular epidemiology of large bacterial endemics in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot 93:219-23.., 2000,
JOHNSON J.R., KUSKOWSKI M., DENAMUR E., PICARD B., ELION J.
Clonal origin, virulence factors, and virulence.
Infect. Immun., 2000, 68, 424-425Letter
PICARD B., SEVALI GARCIA J., GOURIOU S., DURIEZ P., BRAHIMI N. BINGEN E., ELION J., DENAMUR E.
The link between phylogeny and virulence in Escherichia coli extraintestinal infection.
Infect. Immun., 1999, 67, 546-553
BINGEN E., PICARD B., BRAHIMI N., MATHY S., DESJARDINS P., ELION J., DENAMUR E.
Phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli strains causing neonatal meningitis suggests horizontal gene transfer from a predominant pool of highly virulent B2 group strains.
J. Infect. Dis., 1998, 177, 642-650
ROLLAND K., LAMBERT-ZECHOWSKI N., PICARD B., DENAMUR E.
Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains are derived from distinct ancestral strains of E. coli.
Microbiology, 1998, 144, 2667-2672.
MATIC I., RADMAN M., TADDEI F., PICARD B., DOIT C., BINGEN E., DENAMUR E., ELION J.
Highly variable mutation rates in commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli.
Science, 1997, 277, 1833-1834
BERT F., PICARD B., BRANGER C., LAMBERT-ZECHOVSKY N.
Analysis of genetic relationships among strains of group A, C and G streptococci by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1996, 45 : 278-284.
DOIT C., DENAMUR E., PICARD B., GESLIN P., ELION J., BINGEN E.
Mechanisms of the spread of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains causing meningitis in children in France.
J. Infect. Dis., 1996, 174, 520-528
DESJARDINS P., PICARD B., KALTENBACK B., ELION J., DENAMUR E.
Sex in Escherichia coli does not disrupt the clonal structure of the population: evidence from RAPD and rrn RFLP data.
J. Mol. Evol., 1995, 41, 440-448
PICARD B., DENAMUR E., BARAKAT A., ELION J., GOULLET P.
Genetic heterogeneity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates revealed by esterase electrophoretic polymorphism and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ribosomal RNA gene region.
J. Med. Microbiol., 1994, 40, 312-322
PICARD B., JOURNET-MANCY C., PICARD-PASQUIER N., GOULLET P.
Genetic structures of the B2 and B1 Escherichia coli strains responsible for extra-intestinal infections.
J Gen Microbiol 139:3079-88.., 1993,
MARIANI-KURDJIAN P., DENAMUR E., MILON A., PICARD B., CAVE H., LAMBERT-ZECHOVSKY N., LOIRAT C., GOULLET P., SANSONETI P.J., ELION J.
Identification of a clone of Escherichia coli O103:H2 as a potential agent of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in France.
J. Clin. Microbiol., 1993, 31, 2, 296-301
DENAMUR E., PICARD B., DECOUX G., DENIS J-B., GOULLET P., ELION J.
The absence of correlation between allozyme and rrn RFLP analysis indicates a high gene flow rate within human clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.
FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 1993, 110, 275-280
BINGEN E., DENAMUR E., PICARD B., GOULLET P., LAMBERT N., BRAHIMI N., MERCIER J.C., BEAUFILS F., ELION J.
Molecular epidemiology unravels the complexity of neonatal Eschericia coli acquisition in twins.
J. Clin. Microbiol., 1992, 30, 1896-1898
BINGEN E., DENAMUR E., PICARD B., GOULLET PH., LAMBERT-ZECHOVSKY N., FOUCAUD P., NAVARRO J., ELION J.
Molecular epidemiological analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains causing failure of antibiotherapy in cystic fibrosis patients.
Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 1992, 11, 432-437
PICARD B., DENAMUR E., SOURIAU A., ORFILA J., RODOLAKIS A., GOULLET PH.
Enzyme electrophoretic polymorphism differentiates invasive from non-invasive Chlamydia psittaci ruminant isolates.
Res. Microbiol., 1992, 143, 525-531
PICARD B., PICARD-PASQUIER N., KRISHNAMOORTHY R., GOULLET P.
Correlation between DNA polymorphism and enzyme polymorphism argues in favour of the delineation of two species within Providencia alcalifaciens.
Res Microbiol 142:965-9.., 1991,
PICARD B., PICARD-PASQUIER N., KRISHNAMOORTHY R., GOULLET P.
Characterization of highly virulent Escherichia coli strains by ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism.
FEMS Microbiol Lett 66:183-8.., 1991,
PICARD B., DENIS J. B., DECOUX G., GOULLET P.
Computer-assisted statistical analyses of enzyme and ribosomal DNA electrophoretic polymorphism in Yersinia.
Electrophoresis 12:264-9.., 1991,
DENAMUR E., PICARD-PASQUIER N., MURA C., PICARD B., ORFILA J., KRISHNAMOORTHY R.
Comparison among molecular epidemiological tools for Branhamella catarrhalis typing.
Res. Microbiol., 1991, 42: 585-589
PICARD B., PHILIPPE J. C., GOULLET P.
An analysis of molecular polymorphism of esterase M produced by motile Aeromonas strains.
Biochem Genet 28:69-81.., 1990,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Epidemiological typing of Acinetobacter strains by esterase electrophoresis.
FEMS Microbiol Lett 60:229-34.., 1990,
PICARD B., GOULLET P., BOUVET P. J., DECOUX G., DENIS J. B.
Characterization of bacterial genospecies by computer-assisted statistical analysis of enzyme electrophoretic data.
Electrophoresis 10:680-5.., 1989,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Correlation between electrophoretic types B1 and B2 of carboxylesterase B and sex of patients in Escherichia coli urinary tract infections.
Epidemiol Infect 103:97-103.., 1989,
GOULLET PH., BRANGER C., PHILIPPE J.C., PICARD B.
Isolation and properties of carboxylesterase P4 from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.
Research in Microbiology (Annales de l'Institut Pasteur), 1989, 140 : 221-234.
PICARD B., GOULLET PH., DENAMUR E., SUERMONDT G.
Esterase electrophoresis: a molecular tool for studying the epidemiology of Branhamella catarrhalis nosocomial infection.
Epidem. Infect., 1989, 103, 547-554
PICARD B., GOULLET P., CONTREPOIS M.
Clonal distribution of septicaemic Escherichia coli O78 isolates, evidenced by enzyme electrophoretic polymorphism.
Ann Inst Pasteur Microbiol 139:239-42.., 1988,
PICARD B., BRUNEAU B., GOULLET P.
Demonstration of an outbreak of Serratia marcescens infections in a medical intensive care unit by esterase electrophoretic typing.
J Hosp Infect 11:194-5.., 1988,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Correlation between electrophoretic types B1 and B2 of carboxylesterase B and host-dependent factors in Escherichia coli septicaemia.
Epidemiol Infect 100:51-61.., 1988,
PICARD B., GOULLET P., KRISHNAMOORTHY R.
A novel approach to study of the structural basis of enzyme polymorphism.
Analysis of carboxylesterase B of Escherichia coli as model.., 1987,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Seasonal prevalence of nosocomial Aeromonas hydrophila infection related to aeromonas in hospital water.
J Hosp Infect 10:152-5.., 1987,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Epidemiological complexity of hospital aeromonas infections revealed by electrophoretic typing of esterases.
Epidemiol Infect 98:5-14.., 1987,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Comparative electrophoretic profiles of esterases, of glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases, from Aeromonas hydrophila, A.
caviae and A.., 1985,
PICARD B., GOULLET P.
Esterase electrophoresis: a new epidemiological screening test for Aeromonas hydrophila hospital infection.
J Hosp Infect 5:335-7.., 1984,
PICARD B., ARLET G., GOULLET P.
Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia.
Epidemiologic aspects.., 1984,
PICARD B., PICARD M., GOULLET P.
Study of critical levels of 3 antistreptococcal antibodies by data analysis.
Presse Med 12:1467-71.., 1983,
PICARD B., ARLET G., GOULLET P.
Water origin of Aeromonas hydrophila hospital infections.
Presse Med 12:700.., 1983,